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Listening to the public on a swine flu vaccination program
Aug 26, 2009 5:53 PM
Want a poor turnout? Try scheduling a meeting for 8 a.m. on an August Saturday in lower Manhattan. A colleague and I went anyway to find out what the public would tell the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state/local governments about how they should approach the upcoming swine flu vaccination program. Less than half of the approximately 150 who had registered actually turned up, facilitators from the Keystone Center told us. But those who did experienced a productive and informative session.
 
The participants were told to assume that any vaccine program would be voluntary, that the severity of illness would likely be similar to what was observed in the spring, and that the safety of the vaccine would be similar to seasonal flu. The question posed was whether the U.S. government should pursue a “go-slow,” “full-throttle”, or a “moderate-effort”, for its swine flu vaccination program. There was support for all three options, with the majority leaning towards “full throttle”, if the flu becomes worse than expected, and toward “go slow” if it doesn’t. Alas, public health professionals must settle the question before those answers become clear.

There were a substantial group of people opposed to any vaccine—many seem to be organizing to attend these meetings across the country, according to the facilitator. But aside from that, the group was quite diverse, consisting largely of citizens recruited through local community and patient groups. Some voiced concerns about getting vaccines to historically underserved populations, and requiring healthcare workers to be vaccinated, while others displayed a profound distrust of government health authorities, drug companies, and the media.

Overall, I was impressed with the representatives from the CDC and state/local health departments, who provided a great deal of information, and with the facilitator, who encouraged deliberation in both large question and answer sessions, and discussion groups and electronic voting by the whole group. Several participants at my table were skeptical of vaccination from the start. But as we discussed the consequences for people like pregnant women, those with serious health problems, or compromised immunity, their opposition softened. That’s what a public health conversation needs to do: take account of the consequences to those most at risk.

My one quibble is that shortly after the session I learned of this government planning scenario, that suggests as many as 90,000 Americans could die this fall and winter from a swine flu outbreak. It also suggests that our hospital ICUs could be filled to capacity with H1N1 cases. We’re still digging into those numbers, but if such planning scenarios are being used by public officials, they need to be considered by citizens as well. Public health campaigns can’t be effective when we lurch between panic and complacency. And that’s not just me saying that—many of the participants were worried that decisions about the swine flu would be made out of the public’s sight, without sharing key research results and using scare tactics to accomplish an objective.  One thing we all agreed on is that in such circumstances we need to trust decision makers and be certain that there was a transparent process that we had access to, and which explained what was happening and why. We still have some work to do to accomplish that goal when it comes to H1N1. 

John Santa, M.D., M.P.H., director, Consumer Reports Health Ratings Center

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